84451200
NUCLEAR REACTORS, BOILERS, MACHINERY AND MECHANICAL APPLIANCES; PARTS THEREOF›Machines for preparing textile fibres; spinning, doubling or twisting machines and other machinery for producing textile yarns; textile reeling or winding (including weft-winding) machines and machines for preparing textile yarns for use on the machines of heading 8446 or 8447
Combing machines
Standard EU duty
1.7%
VAT
23%
Additional duties / sanctions
0 rules
Docs required
14 docs
X858Y811Y920C052Y970C076+8
Standard rates
| Applies to | Type | Rate | Conditions | Regulation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERGA OMNES | Third country duty | 1.7% | - | R2261/98 |
Preferences
AD 0%AL 0%BA 0%CA 0%CAMER 0%CARI 0%CH 0%CI 0%CL 0%CM 0%CO 0%DZ 0%EBA 0%EC 0%EEA 0%EG 0%EH 0%ESA 0%EUCA 0%FJ 0%FO 0%GB 0%GE 0%GH 0%GSP 0%GSP+ 0%IL 0%JO 0%JP 0%KE 0%KR 0%LB 0%LOMB 0%MA 0%MD 0%ME 0%MK 0%MX 0%NZ 0%PE 0%PG 0%PS 0%SADC EPA 0%SB 0%SG 0%SM 0%SWITZ 0%SY 0%TN 0%TR 0%UA 0%VN 0%WS 0%XC 0%XK 0%XL 0%XS 0%ZA 0%
Notes
CD303The relief from or reduction of customs duties shall be subject to the specific request expressed by the declarant in box 44 "Additional information/Documents produced/Certificates and authorisations", of the Single Administrative Document (SAD)
TM904Preferences granted under the agreement between the European Union and Morocco in force from 19 July 2019.As of 3 October 2025, products originating in Western Sahara subject to controls by the customs authorities of the Kingdom of Morocco shall benefit from trade preferences under the terms of the new Agreement in the form of exchange of letters between the EU and Morocco, The European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco have agreed to allow those products to be identified by reference to the region of origin to be included in the proof of origin and as provided for in Protocol 4.In view of the application of these measures, the origin certificates codes U179 and U180 must be declared.The country code to be entered in the origin declaration when these proofs of origin are used is “EH”.
CD727Eligibility to benefit from this preference is subject to the presentation of an origin declaration stating the European Union origin of the goods, in the context of the Canada-European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA).
CD906The list of non-eligible locations and their postal codes is available at the following address: http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/customs/technical-arrangement_postal-codes.pdf
CD500Eligibility to benefit from this preference is subject to the presentation of a proof of origin stating the community origin of the goods, in the context of the agreement between the European Union and the Swiss Confederation.
Export controlBYR0765/06
Export control
BYR0765/06
Documents / references
X858Y811
Conditions
- Y001Other conditions: Y811- Import/export allowed after control
- Y010Other conditions: X858- Import/export allowed after control
- Y090Other conditions: the condition is not fulfilled- Import/export not allowed after control
Notes
- TM956it shall be prohibited: to sell, supply, transfer or export, directly or indirectly, machinery as listed in Annex XIV, whether or not originating in the Union, to any person, entity or body in Belarus or for use in Belarus;COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No 765/2006 - Article 1s.1 (COUNCIL REGULATION (EU) 2022/355)
Export control on restricted goods and technologiesBYR0765/06
Export control on restricted goods and technologies
BYR0765/06
Documents / references
Y920
Conditions
- Y001Other conditions: Y920- Import/export allowed after control
- Y003Other conditions: the condition is not fulfilled- Import/export not allowed after control
Notes
- TM635Production equipment specially designed for the items specified in the annex to the regulation containing the list of equipment which might be used for internal repression.
- CD994If the declared goods are referred to in the footnotes linked to the measure an export/import authorisation must be presented.
Export control on restricted goods and technologiesIRR0264/12
Export control on restricted goods and technologies
IRR0264/12
Documents / references
C052Y920
Conditions
- Y001Other conditions: Y920- Import/export allowed after control
- Y002Other conditions: C052- Import/export allowed after control
- Y003Other conditions: the condition is not fulfilled- Import/export not allowed after control
Notes
- TM635Production equipment specially designed for the items specified in the annex to the regulation containing the list of equipment which might be used for internal repression.
- CD995If the declared goods are described in the footnotes linked to the measure, export/import is not allowed.
- CD983The competent authorities of the Member States, as listed in Annex II, may authorise, under such conditions as they deem appropriate, the sale, supply, transfer or export of equipment which might be used for internal repression as listed in Annex III provided that it is intended solely for the protective use of the personnel of the Union and its Member States in Iran (Article 1a (2) Regulation 359/2011)
Import prohibitionKPR0285/18
Import prohibition
KPR0285/18
Notes
- TM884Goods from the Annex XIh of Regulation (EU) 2018/285 (Machinery and electrical equipment)
Export prohibitionKPR0285/18
Export prohibition
KPR0285/18
Notes
- TM888Goods from the Annex XI l of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509 (Industrial machinery, transportation vehicles, iron, steel and other metals)
Restriction on entry into free circulationKPR1509/17
Restriction on entry into free circulation
KPR1509/17
Documents / references
Y970
Conditions
- Y001Other conditions: Y970- Import/export allowed after control
- Y002Other conditions: the condition is not fulfilled- Import/export not allowed after control
Notes
- MG805Filament winding machines and related equipment: filament winding machines or fibre/tow-placement machines, of which the motions for positioning, wrapping and winding fibres can be coordinated and programmed in two or more axes and which are designed to fabricate composite structures or laminates from fibrous or filamentary materials, coordinating and programming controls and precision mandrels for such equipment
- CD972If the goods declared are described in the "MG" footnote linked to the measure import, purchase or transfer, directly or indirectly, the goods and technology listed in Annex II from the DPRK, whether or not originating in the DPRK shall be prohibited (Article 3.1.(c) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509).
Export authorizationKPR1509/17
Export authorization
KPR1509/17
Documents / references
C076Y970
Conditions
- Y001Other conditions: Y970- Import/export allowed after control
- Y002Other conditions: C076- Import/export allowed after control
- Y003Other conditions: the condition is not fulfilled- Import/export not allowed after control
Notes
- CD970If the goods declared are described in "MG" footnote linked to the measure an authorisation must be presented for the export, purchase or transport to DPRK of goods and technology according to Regulation (EU) 2017/1509 (Annex II, Part VI).
- MG805Filament winding machines and related equipment: filament winding machines or fibre/tow-placement machines, of which the motions for positioning, wrapping and winding fibres can be coordinated and programmed in two or more axes and which are designed to fabricate composite structures or laminates from fibrous or filamentary materials, coordinating and programming controls and precision mandrels for such equipment
- CD974It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export, directly or indirectly, the goods and technology, including software, listed in Annex II, whether or not originating in the Union, to any natural or legal person, entity or body in, or for use in the DPRK (Article 3.1.(a) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509).By way of derogation from Article 3.1. the competent authority of the Member States, may authorise, under the terms and conditions it deems appropriate, the direct or indirect supply, sale, transfer or export of the items and technology, including software to DPRK from Annex II of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509 (Article 8.1.)
Import control on restricted goods and technologiesLYR0044/16
Import control on restricted goods and technologies
LYR0044/16
Documents / references
Y920
Conditions
- Y001Other conditions: Y920- Import/export allowed after control
- Y002Other conditions: the condition is not fulfilled- Import/export not allowed after control
Notes
- CD995If the declared goods are described in the footnotes linked to the measure, export/import is not allowed.
- TM635Production equipment specially designed for the items specified in the annex to the regulation containing the list of equipment which might be used for internal repression.
Export control on restricted goods and technologiesLYR0044/16
Export control on restricted goods and technologies
LYR0044/16
Documents / references
C052Y920
Conditions
- Y001Other conditions: Y920- Import/export allowed after control
- Y002Other conditions: C052- Import/export allowed after control
- Y003Other conditions: the condition is not fulfilled- Import/export not allowed after control
Notes
- CD994If the declared goods are referred to in the footnotes linked to the measure an export/import authorisation must be presented.
- TM635Production equipment specially designed for the items specified in the annex to the regulation containing the list of equipment which might be used for internal repression.
Export control on restricted goods and technologiesMMR0401/13
Export control on restricted goods and technologies
MMR0401/13
Documents / references
C052Y920
Conditions
- Y001Other conditions: Y920- Import/export allowed after control
- Y002Other conditions: C052- Import/export allowed after control
- Y003Other conditions: the condition is not fulfilled- Import/export not allowed after control
Notes
- TM635Production equipment specially designed for the items specified in the annex to the regulation containing the list of equipment which might be used for internal repression.
- CD994If the declared goods are referred to in the footnotes linked to the measure an export/import authorisation must be presented.
Export authorizationRUR1485/24
Export authorization
RUR1485/24
Documents / references
C052Y920
Conditions
- Y001Other conditions: Y920- Import/export allowed after control
- Y002Other conditions: C052- Import/export allowed after control
- Y003Other conditions: the condition is not fulfilled- Import/export not allowed after control
Notes
- CD800The competent authorities of the Member States, as listed in Annex III, may authorise, under such conditions as they deem appropriate, the sale, supply, transfer or export of equipment which might be used for internal repression as listed in Annex I provided that it is intended solely for the protective use of the personnel of the Union and its Member States
- TM635Production equipment specially designed for the items specified in the annex to the regulation containing the list of equipment which might be used for internal repression.
- CD994If the declared goods are referred to in the footnotes linked to the measure an export/import authorisation must be presented.
Export control on restricted goods and technologiesSYR0036/12
Export control on restricted goods and technologies
SYR0036/12
Documents / references
C052Y920
Conditions
- Y001Other conditions: Y920- Import/export allowed after control
- Y002Other conditions: C052- Import/export allowed after control
- Y003Other conditions: the condition is not fulfilled- Import/export not allowed after control
Notes
- TM635Production equipment specially designed for the items specified in the annex to the regulation containing the list of equipment which might be used for internal repression.
- CD994If the declared goods are referred to in the footnotes linked to the measure an export/import authorisation must be presented.
Export controlUAR0692/14
Export control
UAR0692/14
Documents / references
X802Y997
Conditions
- Y001Other conditions: Y997- Export allowed
- Y005Other conditions: X802- Export allowed
- Y009Other conditions: the condition is not fulfilled- Export is not allowed
Notes
- CD967I. According to Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014, it shall be prohibited to import into European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol.The prohibition shall not apply in respect of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part.II. According to the Council Regulation (EU) 692/2014, the export of goods and technologies suited for use in the sectors of transport; telecommunications; energy; prospection, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources is prohibited:(a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or Sevastopol, or(b) for use in Crimea or Sevastopol.
Import controlUAR0692/14
Import control
UAR0692/14
Documents / references
N954U045U078U079Y997
Conditions
- Y001Other conditions: Y997- Import allowed
- Y002Other conditions: U078- Import allowed
- Y003Other conditions: U079- Import allowed
- Y005Other conditions: N954- Import allowed
- Y007Other conditions: U045- Import allowed
- Y009Other conditions: the condition is not fulfilled- Import is not allowed
Notes
- CD967I. According to Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014, it shall be prohibited to import into European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol.The prohibition shall not apply in respect of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part.II. According to the Council Regulation (EU) 692/2014, the export of goods and technologies suited for use in the sectors of transport; telecommunications; energy; prospection, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources is prohibited:(a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or Sevastopol, or(b) for use in Crimea or Sevastopol.
Import controlUAR0263/22
Import control
UAR0263/22
Documents / references
N954U045U078U079Y984
Conditions
- Y001Other conditions: Y984- Import/export allowed after control
- Y002Other conditions: N954- Import/export allowed after control
- Y005Other conditions: U045- Import/export allowed after control
- Y006Other conditions: U078- Import/export allowed after control
- Y007Other conditions: U079- Import/export allowed after control
- Y009Other conditions: the condition is not fulfilled- Import/export not allowed after control
Notes
- CD860According to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 (OJ L42I, p. 77):I. It shall be prohibited to import into the European Union goods originating in non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine.The import prohibitions not apply in respect of: (a) the execution until 24 May 2022 of trade contracts concluded before 23 February 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the natural or legal person, entity or body seeking to perform the contract has notified, at least 10 working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which they are established; (b) goods originating in the specified territories which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement.II. It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export goods and technology listed in Annex II to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in the specified territories, or (b) for use in the specified territories. Annex II shall include certain goods and technologies suited for use in the following key sectors: (i) transport;(ii) telecommunications;(iii) energy; (iv) the prospecting, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources. The prohibitions in point II above shall be without prejudice to the execution until 24 August 2022 of an obligation arising from a contract concluded before 23 February 2022, or from ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the competent authority has been informed at least five working days in advance.
Export controlUAR0263/22
Export control
UAR0263/22
Documents / references
X985Y984
Conditions
- Y001Other conditions: Y984- Import/export allowed after control
- Y003Other conditions: X985- Import/export allowed after control
- Y004Other conditions: the condition is not fulfilled- Import/export not allowed after control
Notes
- CD860According to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 (OJ L42I, p. 77):I. It shall be prohibited to import into the European Union goods originating in non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine.The import prohibitions not apply in respect of: (a) the execution until 24 May 2022 of trade contracts concluded before 23 February 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the natural or legal person, entity or body seeking to perform the contract has notified, at least 10 working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which they are established; (b) goods originating in the specified territories which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement.II. It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export goods and technology listed in Annex II to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in the specified territories, or (b) for use in the specified territories. Annex II shall include certain goods and technologies suited for use in the following key sectors: (i) transport;(ii) telecommunications;(iii) energy; (iv) the prospecting, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources. The prohibitions in point II above shall be without prejudice to the execution until 24 August 2022 of an obligation arising from a contract concluded before 23 February 2022, or from ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the competent authority has been informed at least five working days in advance.
Export control on restricted goods and technologiesVER2063/17
Export control on restricted goods and technologies
VER2063/17
Documents / references
C052Y920
Conditions
- Y001Other conditions: Y920- Import/export allowed after control
- Y002Other conditions: C052- Import/export allowed after control
- Y003Other conditions: the condition is not fulfilled- Import/export not allowed after control
Notes
- CD800The competent authorities of the Member States, as listed in Annex III, may authorise, under such conditions as they deem appropriate, the sale, supply, transfer or export of equipment which might be used for internal repression as listed in Annex I provided that it is intended solely for the protective use of the personnel of the Union and its Member States
- TM635Production equipment specially designed for the items specified in the annex to the regulation containing the list of equipment which might be used for internal repression.
- CD994If the declared goods are referred to in the footnotes linked to the measure an export/import authorisation must be presented.
Export control on restricted goods and technologiesZWR0284/17
Export control on restricted goods and technologies
ZWR0284/17
Documents / references
C052Y920
Conditions
- Y001Other conditions: Y920- Import/export allowed after control
- Y002Other conditions: C052- Import/export allowed after control
- Y003Other conditions: the condition is not fulfilled- Import/export not allowed after control
Notes
- TM635Production equipment specially designed for the items specified in the annex to the regulation containing the list of equipment which might be used for internal repression.
- CD994If the declared goods are referred to in the footnotes linked to the measure an export/import authorisation must be presented.
Value Added Tax (VAT)
V020Medical devices, as defined by the Act on Medical Devices of 20 May 2010, (Journal of Laws of 2019, item 175, 447, 534), released for free circulation on the territory of the Republic of Poland
8%V052Devices for writing and reading texts in Braille
8%V120For medical devices referred to in item 13 of Annex No. 3 to the Act in the wording applicable before the date of entry into force of the Act of 7 April 2022 on medical devices (Journal of Laws, item 974), the tax rate referred to in Art. 41 sec. 2 shall apply if, in accordance with: 1) Art. 120 sec. 4 of the regulation (EU) 2017/745 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2017 on medical devices, amending Directive 2001/83/EC, Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 and Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 and repealing Council Directives 90/385/EEC and 93/42/EEC (Official Journal of the European Union L117 of 5 April 2017) or 2) Article 110 paragraph 4 of the regulation (EU) 2017/746 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2017 on in vitro diagnostic medical devices and repealing Directive 98/79/EC and Commission Decision 2010/227/EU (Official Journal of the European Union L117 of 5 April 2017) – these products have been placed on the market and are still being made available on the market or put into use.
8%V999Other
23%
3
Binding Tariff Information
BTI classification examples
DEgold626/25-1
Yarn winder machine, unassembled
woodGRI 1GRI 2aGRI 6
DEgold630/25-1
Umbrella swift for winding yarn
woodGRI 1GRI 6
DEgold199/23-1
Sectional warping machine for yarns
metalGRI 1GRI 6
BTI (Binding Tariff Information) is an official EU customs decision confirming the classification of goods. Valid for 3 years, binding across all EU member states.
Definition and classification scope of subheading 8445 12
Subheading 8445 12 of the Combined Nomenclature covers fibre combing machines used in the preparation of textile fibres for worsted spinning. Combing machines represent the processing stage following carding, with the primary function of removing short fibres, vegetable and mineral impurities, and straightening long fibres into a uniform combed sliver with parallel fibre alignment. This subheading includes rectilinear combers, Noble (circular) combers, wool combers and cotton combers. These machines are used primarily in the wool and cotton industries where worsted yarn quality exceeds carded yarn. Classification is based on the notes to Chapter 84 of the CN and the General Rules for the Interpretation, particularly Rules 1 and 6. Combing machines should be distinguished from carding machines (8445 11), which perform the preceding processing stage. Where classification doubts arise, importers should apply for Binding Tariff Information (BTI) ruling.
Import requirements and regulations for combing machines (8445 12)
Importing combing machines under subheading 8445 12 into the European Union requires compliance with the Union Customs Code (Regulation (EU) No 952/2013). The importer must hold an EORI number and file a customs declaration. Combing machines as industrial machinery fall under the Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230, requiring CE marking, an EU declaration of conformity and operating instructions. They are subject to the Low Voltage Directive (2014/35/EU) and EMC Directive (2014/30/EU). Combing machines are equipped with rapidly rotating combs and needle cylinders, requiring protective guards, safety interlocks and emergency stop systems in accordance with harmonised standards. Import documentation includes commercial invoices, transport documents, technical specifications, CE declarations and operating manuals. Large-format combing machines require special maritime or overland transport conditions. MFN duty rates should be verified in the TARIC system.
Industrial applications and trade in combing machines (8445 12)
Combing machines classified under subheading 8445 12 are key equipment in worsted spinning. They produce combed sliver intended for manufacturing high-quality yarn used in suiting fabrics, shirting materials and premium knitwear. Cotton combers remove short fibres and impurities, improving yarn evenness. Wool combers are essential for producing worsted wool for high-grade woollen fabrics. Major combing machine manufacturers include companies from Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Japan and China. The spinning machinery market is highly specialised with a limited number of global suppliers. MFN duty rates for subheading 8445 12 should be verified in the current TARIC database. Preferential rates may be available under EU FTAs and the GSP. Imports from Russia and Belarus are subject to EU sanctions. VAT is charged upon importation. All trade measures should be verified in TARIC.
Technical requirements for textile machinery CN 8445 12
Fibre combing machines under CN 8445 12 are subject to the Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 requiring CE marking. Harmonised standards in the EN ISO 11111 series specify detailed safety requirements for textile machinery - guarding of moving parts, emergency stop systems, noise and vibration protection. Electrical machines must comply with the Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU and EMC Directive 2014/30/EU. Importing used machinery requires verification of compliance with current EU standards. Spare parts are classified under the appropriate machine subheading per Section XVI Note 2.
Frequently asked questions
How do combing machines (8445 12) differ from carding machines (8445 11)?
Combing machines under subheading 8445 12 perform the next processing stage after carding. Carding machines (8445 11) loosen and initially align raw fibres into card sliver. Combing machines then remove short fibres and impurities from the card sliver, straighten long fibres and create uniform combed sliver. Worsted yarn is smoother and stronger than carded yarn. Classification depends on the machine function in the spinning process.
What CE requirements apply to combing machines imported into the EU?
Combing machines imported into the EU must bear CE marking under the Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230. An EU declaration of conformity, risk assessment and operating instructions are required. Due to rapidly rotating combs and needle cylinders, protective guards, safety interlocks and emergency stop systems are mandatory. Machines are subject to the Low Voltage Directive and EMC Directive. Missing CE documentation prevents placing the machine on the EU market.
What documents are needed for importing combing machines (8445 12)?
Importing combing machines requires a commercial invoice with machine description and value, transport document (CMR, B/L or AWB), EORI number, technical specification, CE declaration of conformity and operating instructions in the language of the country of use. Proof of origin is required for preferential rates. Large-format combing machines may require special transport conditions. Current duty rates and trade measures should be verified in TARIC.
Do used fibre combing machines (8445 12) require safety guard upgrades?
Used fibre combing machines under CN 8445 12 imported from outside the EU must meet Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 requirements.
Useful tools & resources
Customs calculators
Related glossary terms