85014000
ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT AND PARTS THEREOF; SOUND RECORDERS AND REPRODUCERS, TELEVISION IMAGE AND SOUND RECORDERS AND REPRODUCERS, AND PARTS AND ACCESSORIES OF SUCH ARTICLES›Electric motors and generators (excluding generating sets)
Other AC motors, single-phase
Subcodes (2)
Scope of subheading 850140 - single-phase AC motors
Subheading 850140 of the Combined Nomenclature covers single-phase alternating current motors with an output exceeding 37.5 W. Single-phase AC motors are typically powered from 230 V / 50 Hz mains supply (in Europe) and serve as primary drives for household appliances and light automation. Common designs include induction motors with start or run capacitors, shaded-pole motors and single-phase synchronous motors. Applications include refrigeration compressors, air conditioners, exhaust and supply fans, circulation pumps, washing machines, dishwashers, garage door openers and light conveyors. Classification under subheading 850140 requires the motor to operate on single-phase AC with output exceeding 37.5 W. Motors up to 37.5 W are classified under 850110 regardless of current type. Multi-phase AC motors are classified under subheadings 850151–850153. Output power is measured at the shaft under rated conditions. Classification follows GRI rules 1 and 6 and the notes to Chapter 85 CN.
EU regulations for imported single-phase AC motors
Importing single-phase AC motors under subheading 850140 into the EU requires a customs declaration with the correct CN code and EORI number. These motors are subject to the RoHS 2 Directive (2011/65/EU) as components of electrical equipment. The WEEE Directive (2012/19/EU) imposes recycling obligations on devices containing these motors. The Ecodesign Regulation (EU) 2019/1781 primarily covers three-phase motors and does not generally apply to single-phase motors, though some single-phase induction motors may be covered by future scope extensions. The LVD Directive (2014/35/EU) applies to equipment rated 50–1000 V AC. The EMC Directive (2014/30/EU) covers electromagnetic emission and immunity of finished devices. Motors for refrigeration compressors are additionally subject to the F-gas Regulation (EU) No 517/2014 if part of a refrigeration system. CBAM does not apply. Import documentation: commercial invoice, technical specification, transport document.
Customs duties and trade preferences for single-phase AC motors
MFN duty rates for single-phase AC motors under subheading 850140 should be verified in TARIC. Preferential rates are available under EU FTAs with trading partners. Single-phase AC motors are imported mainly from China, Turkey, Mexico and ASEAN countries. Importers should check TARIC for any anti-dumping measures on motors from specific countries. Single-phase AC motors represent significant import volumes due to their widespread use in household appliances and HVAC systems. The market is driven by requirements to replace older equipment with more energy-efficient models, which affects demand for higher efficiency class motors. Imports from sanctioned countries are subject to restrictions. VAT is charged on import. 10-digit TARIC codes should be verified before each customs clearance as they may change with nomenclature updates.
Ecodesign requirements for electric motors 8501 40
Electric motors under CN 8501 40 are subject to Ecodesign Regulation (EU) 2019/1781, requiring minimum efficiency class IE3 or IE4 for three-phase motors. Since 1 July 2023, motors 75–200 kW must meet IE4. MFN duty: 2.7%. Import requires a CE declaration (LVD + EMC) and ecodesign documentation. Non-compliant motors may be refused entry by market surveillance authorities.
Frequently asked questions
Are single-phase AC motors under subheading 850140 subject to ecodesign requirements?
Regulation (EU) 2019/1781 sets ecodesign requirements mainly for three-phase induction motors and does not generally cover single-phase AC motors. However, the European Commission may extend the regulation's scope to additional motor categories in future revisions. Some devices containing single-phase motors, such as refrigeration compressors and air conditioners, are subject to separate ecodesign regulations covering the energy efficiency of the device as a whole. Importers should verify current regulations for the specific motor application.
How to distinguish a single-phase AC motor from a universal AC/DC motor?
A single-phase AC motor under subheading 850140 is an induction (asynchronous) or synchronous motor designed exclusively for single-phase AC operation. A universal AC/DC motor under subheading 850120 has series-wound commutator winding and can operate on both AC and DC. Physically, a universal motor has a commutator and brushes, while a single-phase induction motor has a squirrel-cage rotor without a commutator. The nameplate and manufacturer's documentation identify the motor type. Correct identification is essential for customs classification.
What are the main applications of single-phase AC motors imported into the EU?
Single-phase AC motors under subheading 850140 are used primarily in household appliances and light automation: refrigeration compressors (fridges, freezers), air conditioner compressors, exhaust and supply fans, central heating and hot water circulation pumps, washing machines, dishwashers, garage door drives, light conveyors and woodworking machines. Single-phase 230 V AC power supply enables connection to standard household installations without the need for three-phase supply. Duty rates should be verified in TARIC.
What ecodesign requirements apply to motors under 8501 40?
Motors under CN 8501 40 are subject to Regulation (EU) 2019/1781. Three-phase motors must meet IE3 or IE4 efficiency class depending on power and market placement date.
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