Signal generators

Subheading 854320 of the Combined Nomenclature covers electrical signal generators - devices that produce electrical signals with specified frequency, amplitude and waveform parameters. The scope includes function generators, pulse generators, arbitrary waveform generators (AWG), frequency synthesisers and noise generators. These goods are used in electronics laboratories, telecommunications, electronic device testing, measurement instrument calibration and scientific research. Signal generators under 854320 must be distinguished from electrical power generators (heading 8501 or 8502), which produce electrical energy, and from oscillators built into electronic equipment, which are classified together with the host device. The key classification criterion is that a signal generator is a standalone measuring or laboratory device producing electrical signals with controlled parameters. Classification follows the GIR, rules 1 and 6. For multi-function instruments combining a generator with other measurement functions, Binding Tariff Information ruling is recommended.

Signal generators under subheading 854320 placed on the EU market as finished electronic equipment are subject to the EMC Directive (2014/30/EU) on electromagnetic compatibility and, depending on operating voltage, the Low Voltage Directive (2014/35/EU). CE marking and an EU declaration of conformity are required. The RoHS 2 Directive (2011/65/EU) applies to signal generators as electronic equipment placed on the market - the manufacturer or importer must ensure compliance with restricted substance limits. Advanced signal generators with parameters exceeding thresholds specified in Annex I of Regulation (EU) 2021/821 may be subject to dual-use controls, particularly generators capable of producing very high frequency signals or ultra-short pulses used in radar technology. The WEEE 2 Directive (2012/19/EU) imposes obligations on manufacturers and importers regarding the collection and recycling of waste electronic equipment. CBAM does not apply to electronic equipment under Chapter 85.

Current MFN customs duty rates for subheading 854320 should be verified in the European Commission's TARIC database. Signal generators may benefit from preferential duty rates under EU FTAs, subject to rules of origin being met and appropriate proof of origin being presented. Under the ITA, certain categories of measuring and testing apparatus benefit from a zero rate, although the ITA scope for signal generators should be verified in TARIC at the 10-digit code level in each case. The importer should check in TARIC whether any anti-dumping or countervailing duties apply to signal generators from a specific country of origin. Imports from Russia and Belarus may be subject to sanctions restrictions. The current 10-digit TARIC code should be verified before customs clearance. National VAT is charged on every import. For generators with parameters subject to dual-use controls, an import licence may be required. Classification details and applicable trade measures may vary depending on the technical specification of the equipment.

Importing signal generators (CN 8543 20) into the European Union requires compliance with RoHS 2 (2011/65/EU), WEEE 2 (2012/19/EU) and CE marking. An EORI number and correct customs declaration are mandatory. MFN duty rates should be verified in TARIC, as ITA preferences or EU FTA rates (e.g. CETA, EPA, EU-Korea) may apply. Import from Russia and Belarus is subject to EU sanctions. National import VAT applies at the destination Member State rate.