84621100
NUCLEAR REACTORS, BOILERS, MACHINERY AND MECHANICAL APPLIANCES; PARTS THEREOF›Machine tools (including presses) for working metal by forging, hammering or die forging (excluding rolling mills); machine tools (including presses, slitting lines and cut-to-length lines) for working metal by bending, folding, straightening, flattening, shearing, punching, notching or nibbling (excluding draw-benches); presses for working metal or metal carbides, not specified above
Hot forming machines for forging, die forging (including presses) and hot hammers - Closed die forging machines
Definition and scope of subheading 8462 11
Subheading 8462 11 covers closed-die forging machines for hot or cold metalworking. Closed-die machines shape metal in enclosed dies that reproduce the finished part shape. Typical products include forging die presses, die hammers, horizontal upsetters and isostatic forging presses. Closed-die forging produces complex-shaped forgings: crankshafts, connecting rods, gears, fittings and aerospace structural components. Other forging machines (open-die) are classified under 8462 19. Classification follows the GIR, rules 1 and 6.
Import requirements for closed-die forging machines (8462 11)
Importing requires compliance with the Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230. CE marking, EU declaration of conformity and technical documentation with risk assessment are required. Forging machines generating high forces and impact energy require extensive safety systems: two-hand controls, forging zone guards, die locking systems, ram fall prevention, noise and vibration reduction systems and scale and fume extraction. Hot forging machines are subject to workplace burn protection regulations. LVD and EMC apply. The importer must hold an EORI number.
Customs duties and trade measures for subheading 8462 11
Current MFN duty rates should be verified in TARIC. Preferential rates may be available under EU FTAs and the GSP. Forging machines are imported from China, Germany (SMS Group, Schuler), Japan (Komatsu, Sumitomo), Italy and the USA. European manufacturers are significant global suppliers. Imports from Russia and Belarus are subject to EU sanctions. Forging machines are not subject to CBAM. National VAT is charged. Importers should consider significant transport costs (heavy machines), foundation and installation costs. All rates and trade measures should be verified in TARIC.
Press safety and protective requirements for CN 8462 11
Closed-die forging machines under CN 8462 11 are subject to stringent safety standards due to high pressing forces and crushing risks. Standards EN 692 (mechanical presses) and EN 693 (hydraulic presses) specify requirements for guards, two-hand control systems, light curtains and cycle monitoring. The Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 requires CE marking and risk assessment documentation. Presses exceeding 1000 kN force may be subject to dual-use controls for defence applications.
Frequently asked questions
What machines are classified under subheading 8462 11?
Subheading 8462 11 covers closed-die forging machines: forging die presses, die hammers, horizontal upsetters and isostatic forging presses. Metal is shaped in enclosed dies. Open-die forging machines are under 8462 19. Duty rates should be verified in TARIC.
What safety requirements apply to closed-die forging machines (8462 11)?
Forging machines are subject to the Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230. Required safety features include two-hand controls, forging zone guards, die locking systems, ram fall prevention, noise and vibration reduction systems. Hot forging machines require burn protection. CE marking and risk assessment documentation are mandatory.
What documents are required when importing forging machines (8462 11)?
Importing requires a commercial invoice, transport document (CMR, B/L or AWB), EORI number, CE declaration of conformity covering the Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230, technical documentation with risk assessment and instruction manuals. For preferential rates, a proof of origin is required. Duty rates should be verified in TARIC.
Are hydraulic presses (8462 11) subject to the Pressure Equipment Directive?
The hydraulic system of a press under CN 8462 11 may be subject to the Pressure Equipment Directive 2014/68/EU if working pressure exceeds 0.5 bar and categorisation criteria are met.
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