84186100
NUCLEAR REACTORS, BOILERS, MACHINERY AND MECHANICAL APPLIANCES; PARTS THEREOF›Refrigerators, freezers and other refrigerating or freezing equipment, electric or other; heat pumps other than air-conditioning machines of heading 8415
Other refrigerating or freezing equipment; heat pumps - Heat pumps other than air conditioning machines of heading 8415
Classification scope of heat pumps (841861)
CN code 841861 covers heat pumps other than air conditioning machines of heading 8415. This includes air-to-water heat pumps for building heating and domestic hot water, ground-source heat pumps, water-to-water heat pumps, industrial high-temperature heat pumps and hot water heat pumps. Split and monoblock heat pumps with heating-only function are classified here. Air conditioners with heat pump function (heating and cooling) fall under heading 8415.
Import requirements and regulations for heat pumps (841861)
Importing heat pumps is subject to the Union Customs Code and energy efficiency and environmental regulations. F-gas Regulation (EU) 2024/573 restricts high-GWP refrigerants - new heat pumps must use low-GWP types (R290, R32, CO2). Ecodesign Regulation (EU) No 813/2013 sets minimum efficiency for heating appliances. Energy Labelling Regulation (EU) No 811/2013 requires energy labels. LVD, EMC require CE. PED may apply to pressure components. Importers must hold an EORI number.
EU heat pump market - green transition (841861)
Heat pumps are a key element of EU building heating decarbonisation strategy. REPowerEU targets 60 million heat pumps by 2030. Air-to-water units dominate for simple installation. Ground-source units offer higher efficiency (COP 4-5) at higher installation cost. Inverter technology enables modulating operation down to minus 25 C. R290 and R32 are replacing R410A under F-gas rules. Leading manufacturers include Daikin, Viessmann, Vaillant, Mitsubishi Electric and Stiebel Eltron. Imports from China are growing rapidly.
Heat pumps - subsidies, energy labels and F-gas rules
CN code 8418 61 covers heat pumps. Import into the EU is subject to TARIC duty rates and requires F-gas Regulation EU 517/2014, Ecodesign Directive and energy labelling compliance. Heat pumps qualify for subsidy programmes in many EU Member States. Customs clearance requires CE certificate, refrigerant data sheet and energy label.
Frequently asked questions
What is classified under 841861?
Heat pumps other than air conditioners: air-to-water for building heating, ground-source, water-to-water, DHW and industrial heat pumps. Air conditioners with heat pump function (cooling and heating) fall under heading 8415.
What refrigerants are used in heat pumps?
Modern heat pumps use low-GWP refrigerants: R290 (propane, GWP=3), R32 (GWP=675) and CO2 (R744, GWP=1). R410A (GWP=2088) is being phased out under F-gas Regulation. Refrigerant choice affects efficiency, safety and installation costs.
Do heat pumps benefit from subsidies in the EU?
Heat pumps benefit from numerous national and EU subsidy programmes as part of heating decarbonisation policy. REPowerEU and EPBD directive support gas boiler replacement with heat pumps. Specific subsidy programmes vary across EU Member States.
What refrigerants are allowed in heat pumps CN 8418 61?
Heat pumps CN 8418 61 must use refrigerants compliant with F-gas Regulation EU 517/2014. GWP restrictions apply from 2025. Natural refrigerants (propane R-290, CO2 R-744) are preferred.
Useful tools & resources
Customs calculators
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