CN code 320414 covers direct (substantive) dyes and preparations based thereon, used primarily for dyeing cellulose, cotton, viscose, and paper. Direct dyes are sodium salts of polyaromatic azo compounds that have the ability to bind directly to cellulose fibres without the need for a mordant. They are characterised by good water solubility and ease of application, making them a popular choice in the textile and paper industries. Classification under code 320414 requires confirmation of the substantive character of the dye as defined in Note 3 to Chapter 32 of the Combined Nomenclature. Import of these products requires technical documentation.

Direct dyes imported into the EU are subject to the REACH Regulation (EC No 1907/2006). The importer must ensure registration of each substance with ECHA. Particular attention must be paid to direct azo dyes that may release prohibited arylamines, which are subject to entry 43 of Annex XVII REACH restrictions. Some benzidine-based direct dyes (e.g. Direct Red 28, Congo Red) are classified as carcinogenic and subject to strict restrictions. CLP labelling must reflect full hazard classification. A Safety Data Sheet is required and must be current. Transport of dyes in solid form is subject to less restrictive ADR requirements than solutions.

Customs declarations for direct dyes under CN code 320414 should include the Colour Index, CAS number, concentration, and intended use. Importers should verify whether the dye is on the list of prohibited substances in textile articles. Tariff preferences are available under EU trade agreements, including with Southeast Asian and Latin American countries. Quality control of imported direct dyes should include testing for arylamines, heavy metals, and dye purity. Export is not subject to special restrictions unless the product is classified as dual-use.

When importing Direct dyes and preparations (CN 3204 14) into the EU, VOC content regulations under Directive 2004/42/EC must be considered. Decorative paints and automotive refinish products have established VOC limits. CLP classification requires appropriate GHS pictogram labelling on packaging. Pigments containing heavy metals (lead, cadmium, chromium VI) are subject to strict REACH restrictions (Annex XVII). Importers must have SDS sheets and ensure labelling complies with destination country regulations. Conformity testing may include spectrometric analysis for composition verification.