CN code 320415 covers vat dyes and preparations based thereon. Vat dyes are water-insoluble dyes that require chemical reduction (vatting) to a soluble form before application to fibres. Once applied to the fibre and oxidised, they return to their insoluble form, providing excellent wash and light fastness. Key vat dyes include synthetic indigo and anthraquinone derivatives. They are used mainly for dyeing cotton and cellulosic fibres, particularly in denim fabric production. Classification requires confirmation of the vat dyeing mechanism.

Vat dyes are subject to full REACH requirements. Substances must be registered with ECHA, and the importer must hold a current Safety Data Sheet. The vatting process using sodium dithionite (hydrosulphite) generates additional safety requirements related to the toxicity and flammability of the reducing agent. CLP labelling must account for both the dye and auxiliary agents in the case of preparations. Some anthraquinone-based vat dyes may be classified as harmful to the aquatic environment. Transport of vat dyes in powder form is subject to ADR regulations regarding combustible dusts.

When importing vat dyes under CN code 320415, the chemical specification, Colour Index, CAS number, and commercial form should be presented. Synthetic indigo (Vat Blue 1) is one of the most important dyes in this group, used extensively in jeans production. Importers may benefit from EU tariff preferences. Quality control includes purity determination, heavy metal content, and moisture analysis. The vat dye market is dominated by producers from China and India, making origin and quality verification particularly important.

When importing Vat dyes and preparations (CN 3204 15) into the EU, VOC content regulations under Directive 2004/42/EC must be considered. Decorative paints and automotive refinish products have established VOC limits. CLP classification requires appropriate GHS pictogram labelling on packaging. Pigments containing heavy metals (lead, cadmium, chromium VI) are subject to strict REACH restrictions (Annex XVII). Importers must have SDS sheets and ensure labelling complies with destination country regulations. Conformity testing may include spectrometric analysis for composition verification.